GHG Emissions from the IPPU Sector

This covers emissions from industrial processes and the use of products that produce greenhouse gases.

Greenhouse gas emissions arise from a wide range of industrial activities, primarily through the chemical or physical transformation of materials during industrial processes. These processes can emit various greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and other fluorinated compounds like trifluoromethyl sulphur pentafluoride (SF5CF3). Additionally, greenhouse gases are often incorporated into products such as refrigerators, foams, and aerosol cans. For instance, HFCs are commonly used as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances (ODS) in many products. Similarly, sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and N2O are utilized in various industrial and consumer products.

2A Mineral Industry

• 2A1 - Cement Production - CO2 emissions from the production of cement.
• 2A2 - Lime Production - CO2 emissions from the production of lime.
• 2A3 - Glass Production - CO2 emissions from the production of glass.
• 2A4 - Other Process Uses of Carbonates - CO2 emissions from other uses of carbonates in industrial processes.
• 2A5 - Other - Other emissions related to the mineral industry not specified elsewhere (please specify).

2B Chemical Industry

• 2B1 - Ammonia Production - Emissions from the production of ammonia.
• 2B2 - Nitric Acid Production - Emissions from the production of nitric acid.
• 2B3 - Adipic Acid Production - Emissions from the production of adipic acid.
• 2B4 - Caprolactam, Glyoxal, and Glyoxylic Acid Production - Emissions from the production of these chemicals.
• 2B5 - Carbide Production - Emissions from the production of carbides.
• 2B6 - Titanium Dioxide Production - Emissions from the production of titanium dioxide.
• 2B7 - Soda Ash Production - Emissions from the production of soda ash.
• 2B8 - Petrochemical and Carbon Black Production - Emissions from the production of petrochemicals and carbon black.
• 2B9 - Fluorochemical Production - Emissions from the production of fluorochemicals.
• 2B10 - Hydrogen Production - Emissions from the production of hydrogen.
• 2B11 - Other - Other emissions related to the chemical industry not specified elsewhere (please specify).

2C Metal Industry

• 2C1 - Iron and Steel Production - Emissions from the production of iron and steel.
• 2C2 - Ferroalloys Production - Emissions from the production of ferroalloys.
• 2C3 - Aluminium Production - Emissions from the production of aluminium.
• 2C4 - Magnesium Production - Emissions from the production of magnesium.
• 2C5 - Lead Production - Emissions from the production of lead.
• 2C6 - Zinc Production - Emissions from the production of zinc.
• 2C7 - Rare Earths Production - Emissions from the production of rare earth elements.
• 2C8 - Other - Other emissions related to the metal industry not specified elsewhere (please specify).

2D Non-Energy Products from Fuels and Solvent Use

• 2D1 - Lubricant Use - Emissions from the use of lubricants.
• 2D2 - Paraffin Wax Use - Emissions from the use of paraffin wax.
• 2D3 - Solvent Use - Emissions from the use of solvents.
• 2D4 - Other - Other emissions related to non-energy products from fuels and solvent use not specified elsewhere (please specify).

2E Electronics Industry

• 2E1 - Integrated Circuit or Semiconductor - Emissions related to the production of integrated circuits or semiconductors.
• 2E2 - Displays - Emissions related to the production of display technologies.
• 2E3 - Photovoltaics - Emissions related to the production of photovoltaic systems.
• 2E4 - Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) - Emissions related to the production of MEMS.
• 2E5 - Other - Other emissions related to the electronics industry not specified elsewhere (please specify).

• 2F Product Uses as Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances

• 2F1 - Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - Emissions from the use of substances that replace ozone-depleting substances in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.
• 2F2 - Foam Blowing Agents - Emissions from the use of substances that replace ozone-depleting substances in foam blowing applications.
• 2F3 - Fire Protection - Emissions from the use of substances that replace ozone-depleting substances in fire protection systems and equipment.
• 2F4 - Aerosols - Emissions from the use of substances that replace ozone-depleting substances in aerosol products.
• 2F5 - Solvents - Emissions from the use of substances that replace ozone-depleting substances used as solvents.
• 2F6 - Other Applications - Emissions from other applications using substances that replace ozone-depleting substances not specified elsewhere (please specify).

• 2G Other Product Manufacture and Use

• 2G1 - Electrical Equipment - Emissions from the manufacture and use of electrical equipment not covered in other categories.
• 2G2 - Halogenated Gases from Other Product Uses - Emissions from the use of halogenated gases in applications not covered in other categories.
• 2G3 - N2O from Product Uses - Nitrous oxide emissions from the use of products where N2O is a by-product.
• 2G4 - Other - Other emissions related to product manufacture and use not specified elsewhere (please specify).

• 2H Other

• 2H1 - Pulp and Paper Industry - Emissions from the pulp and paper industry, including both the combustion and non-combustion processes.
• 2H2 - Food and Beverages Industry - Emissions from the food and beverages industry, covering processes such as production, preservation, and packaging.
• 2H3 - Other - Other emissions not specified elsewhere within the IPPU sector, related to industries or processes requiring further specification (please specify).

Overview of Emissions from the IPPU Sector for Mauritius

In the Republic of Mauritius (RoM), the primary emission sources within the Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) sector are the use of products as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances (ODS) (90.7%) under category 2.F, followed by the metal industry (category 2.C), which includes iron and steel production and the manufacturing of construction iron and steel bars (6.9%). Non-energy products derived from fuels and solvent use (category 2.D) contribute 2.5% to the sector's emissions, while lime production accounted for 0.3% of emissions in 2014, with no emissions recorded in 2016.  

GHG emission trend of IPPU sector of RoM from 2000 to 2022. source: BTR/NID 2024

GHG trends in IPPU sector in RoM from 2000 to 2022 (by Category)

From 2000 to 2022, GHG emissions from the IPPU Sector in Mauritius increased by 536%, from 81 Gg CO2e to 513 Gg CO2e. 

The predominant source of emissions within this sector is the use of products as substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) (category 2.F.1), specifically in ‘Refrigeration and Stationary Air Conditioning’ (category 2.F1.a ) and ‘Mobile Air Conditioning' (category 2.F1.b ), which together account for 92.8% of the sector's total emissions. Specifically, emissions from stationary air conditioning soared by 747% over this period. In 2022, the ‘Refrigeration and Stationary Air Conditioning’ category contributed 97.8% (466 Gg CO2e) of the emissions from this group, with the remaining 2.2% (10 Gg CO2e) coming from mobile air conditioning.  Within the ‘Refrigeration and Stationary Air Conditioning’ sub-category, the most utilized substances are HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-32, and HFC-23. For mobile air conditioning, HFC-134a is the sole substance used.

The Metal Industry, particularly iron and steel production, accounted for 6.2% of the IPPU sector's emissions in 2022, with a 62% increase in emissions from this subsector, rising from 19.6 Gg CO2e to 31.6 Gg CO2e. 

Additionally, emissions from the use of lubricants as non-energy products in the industrial sector represented 1% of the IPPU sector’s total emissions.

GHG trends in IPPU sector in RoM from 2000 to 2022 (by GHG)

This graph depicts the trend in emissions from industrial processes from 2005 onwards, detailing CO2 and HFC (Hydrofluorocarbons) emissions along with the total combined emissions:

CO2 Emissions (blue line): These remain relatively stable and low throughout the period, indicating that CO2 emissions from industrial processes have not significantly increased.

HFC Emissions (red line): This shows a more dynamic pattern, with a notable increase starting around 2010, surpassing CO2 emissions by a considerable margin in subsequent years.

Total Emissions (green line): Reflecting the combined effect of both CO2 and HFC emissions, this line reveals a steady upward trend from 2010 onwards, largely driven by the rise in HFC emissions.

The graph illustrates a significant concern regarding the increase in HFC emissions, which are potent greenhouse gases, emphasizing the need for targeted measures to control and reduce these emissions in industrial processes.